Poetry Chicago, My Mother Enters the Workforce, and Find Work Flashcard

Poetry Chicago, My Mother Enters the Workforce, and Find Work

Who Was Mother Theresa Essays - Mother Teresa, Doctors Of The Church

Who Was Mother Theresa Essays - Mother Teresa, Doctors Of The Church Who Was Mother Theresa Who Was Mother Teresa? Mother Teresa was always her own person, startlingly independent, obedient, yet challenging some preconceived notions and expectations. Her own life story includes many illustrations of her willingness to listen to and follow her own conscience, even when it seemed to contradict what was expected. This strong and independent Slavic woman was born Gonxha (Agnes) Bojaxhiu in Skopje, Yugoslavia, on August 27, 1910. Five children were born to Nikola and Dronda Bojaxhiu, yet only three survived. Gonxha was the youngest, with an older sister, Aga, and brother, Lazar. This brother describes the family's early years as well-off, not the life of peasants reported inaccurately by some. We lacked for nothing. In fact, the family lived in one of the two houses they owned. Nikola was a contractor, working with a partner in a successful construction business. He was also heavily involved in the politics of the day. Lazar tells of his father's rather sudden and shocking death, which may have been due to poisoning because of his political involvement. With this event, life changed overnight as their mother assumed total responsibility for the family, Aga, only 14, Lazar, 9, and Gonxha, 7. Though so much of her young life was centered in the Church, Mother Teresa later revealed that until she reached 18, she had never thought of being a nun. During her early years, however, she was fascinated with stories of missionary life and service. She could locate any number of missions on the map, and tell others of the service being given in each place. Called to Religious Life At 18, Gonxha decided to follow the path that seems to have been unconsciously unfolding throughout her life. She chose the Loreto Sisters of Dublin, missionaries and educators founded in the 17th century to educate young girls. In 1928, the future Mother Teresa began her religious life in Ireland, far from her family and the life she'd known, never seeing her mother again in this life, speaking a language few understood. During this period a sister novice remembered her as very small, quiet and shy, and another member of the congregation described her as ordinary. Mother Teresa herself, even with the later decision to begin her own community of religious, continued to value her beginnings with the Loreto sisters and to maintain close ties. Unwavering commitment and self-discipline, always a part of her life and reinforced in her association with the Loreto sisters, seemed to stay with her throughout her life. One year later, in 1929, Gonxha was sent to Darjeeling to the novitiate of the Sisters of Loreto. In 1931, she made her first vows there, choosing the name of Teresa, honoring both saints of the same name, Teresa of Avila and Therese of Lisieux. In keeping with the usual procedures of the congregation and her deepest desires, it was time for the new Sister Teresa to begin her years of service to God's people. She was sent to St. Mary's, a high school for girls in a district of Calcutta. Here she began a career teaching history and geography, which she reportedly did with dedication and enjoyment for the next 15 years. It was in the protected environment of this school for the daughters of the wealthy that Teresa's new vocation developed and grew. This was the clear message, the invitation to her second calling, that Teresa heard on that fateful day in 1946 when she traveled to Darjeeling for retreat. The Streets of Calcutta During the next two years, Teresa pursued every avenue to follow what she never doubted was the direction God was pointing her. She was to give up even Loreto where I was very happy and to go out in the streets. I heard the call to give up all and follow Christ into the slums to serve him among the poorest of the poor. Technicalities and practicalities abounded. She had to be released formally, not from her perpetual vows, but from living within the convents of the Sisters of Loreto. She had to confront the Church's resistance to forming new religious communities, and receive permission from the Archbishop of Calcutta to serve the poor openly on the streets. She had to figure out how to live and work on the streets, without the safety and comfort of the convent. As for clothing, Teresa decided she would set aside the habit she had worn during her years as a Loreto sister and wear the ordinary dress of an Indian woman: a plain white sari and sandals. Teresa first went to Patna for a few months to prepare for her future work by taking a nursing course. In 1948 she received permission from Pius XII to leave her community and live as an independent nun. So back to Calcutta she went and found a small hovel to rent to begin her

Franz Joseph Haydn Classical Composers Speech or Presentation

Franz Joseph Haydn Classical Composers - Speech or Presentation Example At the age of 8, Haydn moved away from his parents to live with Johann, his uncle, in Hainburg. His parents wanted Haydn to become a priest. In addition, his father knew that Haydn would acquire exceptional musical skills through Hainburg’s education system. Hainburg was a society which embraced music talent and had established systems of learning music. The society had well established choirs in churches and academic institutions. Entrance of Haydn met the introduction of Reutter, a music director who lectured music concepts at St. Stephen’s Cathedral in Hainburg. Reutter recommended Haydn for the community choir, and later to the Vienna’s St Stephen’s Cathedral (Michael, 2009). At the Cathedral, Haydn demonstrated exceptional talent and was promoted to become the lead soloist in the teenage choir. The instrumental skills he acquired during the period in the choir bolstered his confidence in pursuing the career. However, Haydn’s stay at the Cathedr al was aborted when his voiced broke at puberty. Upon dismissal from the church, Haydn started employing the instrumental skills to earn a living in the streets (Greene, 2010). He started giving street lessons on musical instruments like keyboard and violin. Apart from the street lessons, Haydn worked as a freelance performer in many social and cultural functions around the social places of Vienna. Haydn used his time in the street to learn composing skills. He was hired by Pietro, a composer, to train a certain young girl on instruments. Haydn approached Porpora, a composer, with a request to serve in the composer’s factotum. In return, Propora was supposed to give Haydn composing instructions. Haydn took advantage of this opportunity to learn concrete composing skills (Greene, 2010). Haydn’s association with Propora lasted for three months. After this period, Haydn had acquired substantial composing skills. He started writing his own works and administering instrumen t lessons to the interested parties. Haydn’s written works started spreading in Vienna and around other influential parts of Austria. It was during this time when the classical composer met the Esterhazy family. The countess, Aloysia, liked some of his works and adopted him as her own trainer in instruments. Provision of music lesson services to the royal family member made the composer famous (Michael, 2009). Demonstration of professionalism and competence as an instrumental instructor and a composer earned him high status in the society. This is when Haydn was integrated into the music house owned by Karl von Morzin. Haydn was made the director of music at the house. He was charged with the responsibility of composing all the music writings for the musicians in the house. All the music performed by the musicians under his directorship was his original works (Greene, 2010). In Karl’s music house, the musicians were occupied with regular performance in count occasions for the royal family and other highly esteemed persons in Vienna society. Presence of Haydn in the house resulted on credible demonstration of musical and instrumental prowess by the musicians. Karl recommended regular practice of music lessons by his students. Therefore, the musicians did regular exercises on music instruments, composition and performance. At this time, Karl recognized the significance of Haydn in the practice programs of the subordinate musicians. This is when Hay

Major works of Western classic music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Major works of Western classic music - Essay Example Piano played an important role in this nationalistic era of music composers and Charles Ives is an important person who inspired other composers in filling the nationalistic music with folk, march tunes as well as Piano rhythms. The composers of Nineteenth Century composed to nationalistic songs, thus giving rise to nationalistic tones to be famous. Significant among them is Charles Ives, born on 20th October 1874, who has composed music using experimental techniques and ideas. He has been considered as the first true great American Composer, as he composed for American hymns as well as songs and dance tunes. In addition to that he used polyrhythms and poly tonality in his composing that make use of dissonant harmonies and tone clusters. Though his works became famous in 1930 after he ceased to compose music, he received Pulitzer Prize in 1947 for his Symphony No. 3. The use of brass band, march tune, out of tune piano and all of them occurring at same time resulted in a path for a n ew breed of twentieth Century. Many young composers in 19th Century had nationalistic ideas regarding composing in contrast to their seniors who concentrated on romantic music. The composing of tunes by pioneers like Charles Ives had the sense of nationalism in them. The radicalism in the music of Europe influenced the composers in United States of America and resulted in a nationalistic era of music composing. Though the musical training of Ives is not much systematic, he learnt from his father, experiments and has become an eclectic musician. (Broyles, Michael (Author), 2004). The important fact in the career of Ives is that his tunes caught fame when he ceased composing by finding his fortune in insurance business. The reason might be that he did not have systematic training in music and might have lacked confidence in marketing his own music. That can be assumed from his own words "As a boy I was partially ashamed of my love of music an entirely wrong attitude". He convinced himself later that most of boys in America too felt the same and considered music as emasculated art and that might have forced him to quit music career after composing some tunes and symphonies (Hubbs, Nadine (Author), 2004). The nationalistic tones in his tunes and symphonies is due to his idealistic and democratic views and his quest to represent the unified American voice with the forms and traditions of European Classical Music. The musical sense and his interest in music came from his musician father, who settled in Danburry as a musician after the Civil War. As Charles Ives grew in aftermath of Civil War patriotic feelings that are popular in those days made him attract towards them and he mixed those feelings with his musical caliber to produce a pioneering tunes and symphonies. The nationalistic tone in his tunes came from his radical view of creating tone clusters. As a child he used Piano as a drum and his father sent him to drum classes. As he grew up his radicalism reflected in creation of tone clusters thus reflecting the quest of people for democracy and patriotism. Tone clusters are suitable tunes to represent the patriotic and nationalistic songs. His radical way of representing democracy

Structural Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Structural Analysis - Assignment Example In engineering construction, material’s strength and the cost are the main parameters to be considered when selecting a particular material. Another important aspect in structural engineering the design. Structures should be designed in such a way that no failure occurs in future. For instance, for the I- Section given, there are two possible stresses. Compressive stress and tensional stress. In designing, the least possible stress should be used for safety. From the stress distribution diagram, it can be seen that stress is zero at the beam axis. This therefore, makes an I-Section the best beam for structural engineering. When the beam bends, the top most fiber is in compression while the bottom most fiber is in tension. The stresses are greatest at the top and the bottom fibers. I-section provides the stiffest beam with the least amount of material. This is because it only requires more materials at the bottom and top flanges. The diagram below shows a cross section through an I-section. This shape is used when the load is parallel with the flange. As you can see, the shape is not so good with lateral forces unless you turn it sideways. When the load will come from two directions, a square tube is used.  The section is normally designed so as to minimize materials on. This type of section is better than other sections due to the fact the maximum beam stiffness is achieved with minimum

Graffiti Impact on Society

Graffiti Impact on Society On a wall, there is something that gives a hint of cowardliness, vandalism, pain and beauty. And that is what draws us to look at it, and admire whats within it. The origins of graffiti can be traced back to the Roman and Italian empires, as early as 100 B.C. The word graffiti, is the plural form of the Italian word graffito, which means to write or draw on a public surface. Graffiti is one of the most controversial forms of art, viewed by many as a positive form of self expression, while others define it as an act of vandalism. On a wall, there is something that gives a hint of cowardliness, vandalism, pain and beauty. And that is what draws us to look at it, and admire whats within it. The origins of graffiti can be traced back to the Roman and Italian empires, as early as 100 B.C. The word graffiti, is the plural form of the Italian word graffito, which means to write or draw on a public surface. Graffiti is one of the most controversial forms of art, viewed by many as a positive form of self expression, while others define it as an act of vandalismOn a wall, there is something that gives a hint of cowardliness, vandalism, pain and beauty (Lynard Norris). And that is what draws us to look at it, and admire whats within it. The origins of graffiti can be traced back to the Greek, Roman and Italian empires, as early as 100 B.C. The word graffiti is the plural form of the Italian word graffito, which means to write or draw on a public surface (If its Hip its Here). Graffiti is one of the most controversial forms of art, viewed by many as a positive form of self expression, while others define it as an act of vandalism.the most controversial forms of art, viewed by many as a positive form of self expression, while others define it as an act of vandalism. For your subtopics, have you considered discussing: 1.) Some detail about the historical significance, applications, of early graffiti 2.) The evolution of the art form throughout time 3.) Graffiti as a modern, urban form of expression. 4.) Legal implications of this art form and any attempts to legalize or promote it? In ancient times, graffiti was carved on walls with a sharp artifact, or painted with organic pigments. It was mainly used to express political messages, and to inform the members of an empire about an upcoming event. Although these markings were often created by liberal citizens, they were also sponsored by the government, to show their social ranking, and intimidate those who did not obey their commands. These forms of early graffiti, mostly displayed magic spells, declarations of love, literary quotes, and stories about daily life in society (Graffiti). However, not everyone would dare to implement this form of art, because it was constantly penalized. Many of these inscriptions can still be found in sepulchers and temples, as well as pillars of important monuments, helping historians learn more about past civilizations. As history evolves, so does graffiti. Throughout the years, graffiti has been a cultural and aesthetical tradition that continues to cause controversies around the world. From its early days to the present, this form of art has always been among the most non ephemeral forms of human expression. As the times change, new forms of graffiti have been created. From scratches and paintings, to throw ups and peaces, the world has experienced the ever changing revolution of graffiti. Having a neutral connotation in two different spectrums from two completely opposite worlds (Shelby Sparrow), graffiti has modified and accustomed itself to fit in in all social classes, and atmospheres. Even though the techniques have changed, the attitudes have not. Everyone has a different point of view, agreeing or disagreeing with this act. Being a very biased subject, it reflects culture and art, however it also influences divisions in society (Jeremy Wegener). Now used by political activists to make statements, and gang members to mark territ ories, it is hard to define who is an illustrator, and who is a rebel. One can accurately infer who is involved in the modern graffiti movement, differencing a tagger from an artist by learning more about their forms of expression. I dont call what I do tagging, what I do is art. Its my thoughts, feelings and expressions. Tagging is going out and throwing up one line scribbles, I dont do that (Erick Ortega). In the late 1960s, a new form of art emerged. As one of the pioneers of modern graffiti art, CORNBREAD started to make himself known to the city of Philadelphia, by writing his name on train cars (At 149st). This radical movement was later called motion art. In 1972, Hugo Martinez founded the United Graffiti Artists Association, just a year after the New York Times Magazine published an article on TAKI 183, the first recognized graffiti Artist in America. Many people question who does graffiti, and why they do it, but the answers remain uncomprehended, rather than unanswered. To me, it [graffiti] means releasing stress or life worries, through a simple shake and spray of paint, I started hitting walls, and now Im addicted (Jaime Jackson). Those who dont call themselves artists or taggers, define themselves as writers. Because they dont only draw, they compose feelings, and show stories that they couldnt express in any other way. Among the many rules of graffiti, there are also various slang terms for the terminologies used, some of the most common include: Tag- to make a piece of graffiti, Toy- A new, inexperienced writer, Throw Up- One layer of spray paint filling in bubble letters that are outlined in another color, Hit/Hit Up- To tag, Wild style- A complicated piece constructed with interlocking letters, Fresh- Really good graffiti (Graffiti). Although these writers express many words with slang, they have a very open understanding of language, and literacy, applying it to their pieces of art, but leaving their thoughts for open interpretation. A lot of people dont even write anymore, we are forgetting the concept of literature, and ignoring the correct use of our beautiful language. I understand that graffiti can be a big problem, but when those individuals go out and capture an i dea that brings inspiration to others, thats when I feel proud of this urban form or art. They just need a place to do it, thats it. They shouldnt get in trouble for doing what they love (Crispin Sartwell). According to the San Diego Police Department Today, graffiti is a sign of urban decay. It has become everyones eyesore. Graffiti generates fear of neighborhood crime and instability. It is costly, destructive, lowers property values and sends a message that people of the community are not concerned about the appearance of their neighborhoods. It is also against the law!. In 2009, the maximum fine for tagging was $2,200, or 12 months of imprisonment (Law Link). These severe punishments have been driving taggers out of the streets, but not even these ultimatums can wipe out the graffiti environment completely. Cities all over the world, have been trying to put an end to this vandalism, but others have taken street art into galleries and museums, separating it from gang graffiti, which often has a poor taste, and is done strictly for marking territories. In New York City there are at least 20 art museums that promote graffiti art, and have used it to spread messages of peace and love ar ound the world. From stop signs that read war under them, to murals or public walls designed to show the consequences of a dysfunctional world, graffiti art is polemically inspiring people, one tag at a time. Somewhere in the world, there is a wall that is waiting to be read. Waiting to be judged, waiting to be admired. That wall is waiting to be discovered, and interpreted. This wall knows that it will be inspiring to some, maybe deceiving, or disappointing. It will bring creativity to someones mind, or anger to someones heart. But this wall will be discovered, and with it, different opinions will come. As we look around, we see that the world is in constant change, always being affected by those who habitat it. From the early days of graffiti, to the forms in which we now know it, art has shaped and rebuilt the basic idea of writing on a wall countless times. From hieroglyphics to carvings, to scratches, to oil pigmentations, to spray paintings, and from caves to tombs, to streets, to museums, graffiti keeps altering itself to match our world, and remain an active part of it. Graffiti art has always affected society, creating dilemmas on whether or not it is a true form of art or just a rebellious act. Why does graffiti exist? It began as a form of expression, a way of communication, and evolved to be a form of art, showing talent, and being available to all social classes.

Roman Holiday :: essays research papers

Review: Roman Holiday Roman Holiday is a famous and important film for many reasons, probably most for introducing the world to the incomparable Audrey, here in her first major starring role, and one which won her an Academy Award. With lots chemistry, inspired direction by William Wyler, and impressive locale work, shot completely on location in Rome, this ranks as one of the best romantic comedies ever made. It's a modern-day twist on a fairy tale, where the princess wishes to be a normal young girl, rather than the other way around. Hepburn plays Princess Ann, much beloved royalty whose every move is followed by the country, and every day is completed scheduled with monotonous formalities and appearances, which have begun to grow tedious for a young woman looking to have some excitement in her life. She wants to have some fun and spontaneity in her life, so one night while she is visiting Rome, Ann makes her escape from her handlers and heads to the streets of the city, where a handsome new reporter, Joe Bradley (Peck) stumbles upon her. There appears to be no place for her to go, so Joe takes her to his apartment for the evening, but the next day he discovers he may be onto the scoop of a lifetime when he realizes that the woman in his bed is none other than the most beloved figures in the world. His plan is to entertain her while she is in town, without letting her know he is really j ust trying to get the inside info on the woman for his article, and she also hides her identity in hopes of being seen as the average girl in the free world. Perhaps the most impressive aspect of this rather old fashioned romance is how funny it actually is, while still maintaining a sense of subtlety throughout. This is not a story driven plot, but rather, a collection of charming and amusing moments that, when added up for the duration, becomes something quite substantial. The character development involved is flawless, as we grow to like, and in some senses love, the main players, thanks in large part to the terrific Academy Award winning screenplay by Dalton Trumbo here credited as Ian McLellan Hunter due to a blacklisting that forced him to write under a pseudonym. Even with the quality writing, none of this could have worked if overplayed by the director or if stars were cast who weren't as likeable, and on all fronts,

Lincoln: the Great Emancipator Essay

Until it was abolished in 1865, slavery thrived in the United States since the nation’s beginnings in the colony of Jamestown in 1607. In 1776, the founding fathers stated that â€Å"all men are created equal† when they declared independence and started a war that freed the 13 colonies from the oppressive rule of Great Britain. However, after â€Å"the land of the free† had been established, slavery had yet to be eliminated. After the war of 1812, sectionalism began to grow prevalent in America. The Industrial Revolution in the early to mid-1800s advanced the country technologically while further dividing it as the North became industrialized and the South became more agrarian and reliant on slave labor. Sectionalism was increased by westward expansion, and began to manifest itself in American politics. The country could have gone to war by the early 1800s, but various political compromises held the two sections together for another half of a century. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850 are two important examples. Tensions built over the 40 years of compromise. Abolitionists worked to gain support in the North while they caused outrage in the South. In the government, everything had to be compromised and everything was a competition, such as legislature and westward expansion. Fortunately, when sectionalism and tensions around slavery boiled over, Abraham Lincoln came to the forefront of US politics. He created a reputation for himself and the Republican Party with a political platform against the expansion of slavery. He became known in the South as an abolitionist through the Lincoln-Douglas debates, and his election in 1860 sparked the secession of 11 southern states from the Union and the beginning of the Civil War. Abraham Lincoln was the most important contributor to ending slavery in America because of his actions toward winning the Civil War and emancipating the slaves, and he was able to do this because he was an extraordinary politician who handled the circumstances as nobody else could have managed. Abraham Lincoln’s ability as a politician was crucial in his role as commander-in-chief of the US army during the Civil War, because to end slavery, Lincoln knew he had to win the war. The first thing Lincoln did as president, in his Inaugural Address, was try to calm the frantic South, re-stating that he had â€Å"no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery where it exists,† (Halsall). Lincoln’s  primary goal was to preserve the Union. As he put it, â€Å"If I could save the union without freeing any slave, I would do it,† (Majerol, 25-26). He needed the support for the war from the Northern citizens, many of whom were not abolitionists. Lincoln was faced with another difficult issue throughout the Civil War. Four states—Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware—held slaves but remained in the Union. If Lincoln waged a war that strongly opposed slavery, he risked losing those Border States to the Confederacy, which would probably cost him the war. Another issue that Lincoln had to deal with over the course of the war was incompetent generals. Lincoln discharged many of his generals throughout the war, which made it difficult to carry out his plans. In a telegram to General McClellan, Lincoln urged him to attack Lee â€Å"The present hesitation to move upon an entrenched enemy is but the story of Manassas repeated,† but McClellan ignored the order (Ayers et. al, 369). It was not until Lincoln appointed Ulysses S. Grant commander of all Union armies that he started having consistent success. If Lincoln had not been elected president, slavery may have continued for much longer in America. Besides the fact that Lincoln, as commander-in-chief, lead the Union Army to win the Civil War, the many proposed compromises in 1860 and 1861 might have allowed slavery to continue in America, such as the Crittenden Compromise. Another important way that Lincoln’s skill as a politician benefited the Union was his treatment of the Confederacy. Lincoln reasoned that since it is unconstitutional to secede from the Union, the Confederacy and its government was illegitimate, and Lincoln’s administration refused to recognize the Confederacy’s independence. This became important later in the war when other nations refused to recognize the Confederacy’s independence. When the time was right, Abraham Lincoln masterfully changed the ideology of the war to focus on slavery, and he used the slaves themselves as a powerful force in the war and on the home front. Lincoln did this through the First and Second Confiscation Acts, the Emancipation Proclamation, and his Second Inaugural Address. Early in the war, three slaves escaped to the Union Army, raising the question of what to do with fugitive slaves. Under the Fugitive Slave Act, they had to be returned to their owners in the Confederacy. However, Lincoln adopted an ingenious policy of taking slaves as â€Å"contraband  of war,† treating them as property as the Confederacy did. Lincoln went on to sign the First Confiscation Act in August 1861, which emancipated slaves that escaped to Union lines. In July 1862, Lincoln signed the Second Confiscation Act, which essentially gave him the authority to emancipate the slaves in Confederate territory (on the grounds that they helped the war effort and were contraband). This legislation helped the Union Army greatly. Over 190,000 soldiers, sailors, and workers came to the Union Army from the Confederacy (McPherson, 193), and at the end of the war, African Americans made up 20 percent of the Union Army (Majerol, 26). The escaped slaves also influenced soldiers in the army who now â€Å"were talking with real men and women who had been (and perhaps still were) slaves,† (Goodheart, 15). However, a vastly more important document was the Emancipation Proclamation. Lincoln drafted the document in July 1862 and showed it to his cabinet. William Seward reminded him of the importance of timing, so Lincoln waited until the army won the Battle of Antietam to issue the Proclamation. In a letter Lincoln wrote in 1864, he stated â€Å"when, early in the war, Gen. Fremont attempted military emancipation, I forbade it, because I did not then think it in indispensable necessity.† Lincoln then cites two more examples of him holding off efforts at emancipation (Fehrenbacher, 257). When it was issued on January 1, 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation was a turning point in the ideology of the war. It took a war that had been officially about preserving the Union and made it about ending slavery. The Emancipation Proclamation was a bold move for Lincoln to make because of the pro-slavery Border States. Lincoln had made â€Å"earnest, and successive appeals† there for compensated emancipation, but was rejected (Fehrenbacher, 257). He then had to make a choice between â€Å"surrendering the Union† or â€Å"laying a strong hand upon the colored element,† hoping to outweigh losses with benefits (Fehrenbacher, 258). Over a year later, Lincoln said he felt no losses, and a gain of 130,000 soldiers, seamen, and laborers. Lincoln certainly had good timing when he issued the Emancipation Proclamation. Britain and France were coming closer to aiding the Confederacy, and in Britain’s case, they only wanted the Confederacy to win one more battle to prove that they were on the winning side of the war. Antietam was a terrible loss for the South, and Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation prevented Britain and France from aiding the Confederacy because they both had  anti-slavery governments, and the war was now about slavery. The Emancipation Proclamation was a wise move for Lincoln as an abolitionist, because it allowed blacks to fight in the military, which might lead to citizenship and the right to vote for blacks (â€Å"Civil War Black Soldiers†). Lastly, Lincoln focused public attention on the issue of slavery in his Second Inaugural Address, reminding the people know what their brothers were fighting for. Abraham Lincoln’s most important quality was that he was a great politician, which allowed him to manage the difficult situations put before him in order to provide actual results that ultimately ended slavery in America. Among these results were Union victory in the Civil War, the Emancipation Proclamation, the First and Second Confiscation Acts, the Gettysburg Address, and the Thirteenth Amendment. The Union victory in the Civil War is a simple fact, but it was the most indispensable step to the end of slavery in America. Ending slavery meant nothing if the Union did not win the war and control the South again. Additionally, without a war in the first place, slavery might not have ended. It is possible that a compromise could have held the divided nation together without putting an end to slavery. Lincoln’s talent as a politician was also crucial in the Emancipation Proclamation when he released it in time to prevent any foreign nations from intervening and aiding the Confederacy. Lincoln showed his skill as a politician in the Lincoln-Douglass debates, when he took a careful stance on slavery that he thought would best suit the needs of the nation at the time. Lincoln was constantly stressing that he was not an abolitionist, and it was ridiculous to assume that â€Å"Just because I do not want a negro woman for a slave I must necessarily want her for a wife,† (Fehrenbacher, 106). Lincoln proved himself when he ran against Douglas in the presidential election of 1860 and won. Lincoln orchestrated the defeat of the Confederacy and the end of slavery using his political position as president and commander-in-chief, and his cunning as a politician to influence the people of America. It could be argued that the slaves played a more vital role in securing their freedom than Abraham Lincoln did. The slaves had influential leaders such as Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass. The Underground Railroad  freed hundreds of slaves, and it was led by a former slave, Harriet Tubman. Frederick Douglass wrote a book about his life as a slave which influenced public views of slavery in the North. He also published an abolitionist newspaper, the North Star. He also showed people that slaves were treated like animals and stripped of the quality that defines humans: independent thought. â€Å"these words sank deep into my heart, stirred up sentiments within that lay slumbering, and called to existence an entirely new train of thought,† (Douglass, 20). He told about how he was like other slaves until he learned to read and write, and became a human who was able to create his own destiny. These contributed to raising tensions and starting war, which was a necessary evil for slavery to be abolished and the Union to remain whole. These contributions also put pressure on the government to oppose slavery. Moreover, the 190,000 soldiers, sailors, and laborers who escaped slavery and came to the Union Army contributed greatly to the war effort, fighting valiantly and supporting the Army off the battlefield as well. By the end of the war, these soldiers made up 20 percent of the Union army, as well as influencing public opinion in the North. These were valuable aids to the end of slavery in America, and without them, slavery might not have ended in 1865. However, they are insubstantial compared to the contributions of Abraham Lincoln. First, the emancipation of nearly 200,000 slaves happened because Lincoln had not issued the Emancipation Proclamation and the First and Second Confiscation Acts. He transformed the ideology of a nation when he directed the war at slavery. In comparison with Lincoln’s monumental tasks, the contributions of slaves are insignificant. In conclusion, Abraham Lincoln was a more important constituent in ending Slavery in America than the slaves themselves because of his contributions as Commander-in-chief to win the Civil War and emancipate the slaves, and he was able to do this because he was an outstanding politician who handled the circumstances with unparalleled capability. Lincoln dealt with the difficult issue of fighting a war in which he could not make many bold decisions for fear of the Border States seceding, and he applied his ability as a politician to lead the Union to victory. Lincoln faced another difficult  issue of how to treat escaped slaves during the war, and altered the entire ideology of the war so that the focus was slavery. He did this with his First and Second Confiscation Acts and, most importantly, a well-timed Emancipation Proclamation. Lastly, Lincoln’s capability as a politician led to concrete actions he took towards ending slavery, including the Emancipation Proclamation, the Thirteenth Amendment, and of course, winning the Civil War, the element without which the end of slavery in America might not have been possible. Lincoln influenced the history of America and (unintentionally) became a martyr. Today, racial discrimination does not exist in US legislation and America is constantly getting closer to complete racial equality. Works Cited Ayers, Edward L., Jesus F. De la Teja, Deborah G. White, and Robert D. Schulzinger. American anthem. Ed. Sam Wineburg. Orlando. Fla.: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 2009. â€Å"Civil War Black Soldiers.† , Black Soldiers, Robert Gould Shaw, 54th Massachusetts. 2007. Civil War Academy. 24 Jan. 2013 . Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass. New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Fehrenbacher, Don E. Abraham Lincoln. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1964. Goodheart, Adam. â€Å"How Slavery Really Ended in America.† New York Times 3 Oct. 2011: 12-15. Halsall, Paul. â€Å"Internet History Sourcebooks.† Internet History Sourcebooks. July 1998. Fordham University. 24 Jan. 2013 . Majerol, Veronica. â€Å"The Emancipation Proclamation.† The New York Times Upfront 7 Jan. 2013: 24-27. McPherson, James. â€Å"Who Freed the Slaves?† Drawn With the Sword: Reflections on the American Civil War. 1996. 192-207.

How Many Questions Can You Miss for a Perfect ACT Score

How Many Questions Can You Miss for a Perfect ACT Score SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Lots of students strive for that perfect 36 ACT composite score. You might think you need a completely perfect test, but that's not the case. You have some leeway in how many questions you can miss and still get a 36. In this article, I'll explain my research into official ACT grading scales, and I'll tell you how many questions you can get wrong and still get that 36. How Is the ACT Scored? To understand how many questions you can get wrong and still get a perfect score, you need to understand how the ACT is scored. For a more in-depth explanation, check out our other article: How is the ACT Scored? In brief, the ACT is made up 4 sections: Math (60 questions), Reading (40 questions), Science (40 questions) and English (75 questions) plus Writing (1 Essay). The essay is not factored into your overall composite score, so I am not going to discuss it further in this article. If you're curious about the essay, read our other article: How to Write an ACT Essay: Step by Step Example. Unlike the SAT, you do NOT get points deducted for wrong answers, so it is to your advantage to bubble in any questions you can’t answer since you won’t be penalized for wrong answers.For each section, you are givena raw score, which is simply the number of questions you answered correctly, and then that raw score is converted into a scaled score. The raw score to scaled score conversion varies each ACT test date, but the ACT provides a table in their Preparing for the ACT guide that estimates how each section’s raw scores will be converted into scaled scores. Here it is: Once you have the scaled scores for each section, you simply add the 4 section scores together and divide by 4 (aka averaging) and then you have your composite score.If your score ends up with a decimal, it is rounded. i.e. if it is a 35.4, it is rounded to 35, and if it is 35.5, it is rounded to 36. Now let's get back to the original question. How Many Questions Can You Miss and Still Get a Perfect 36 Composite Score? The answer is a little complex (and I will explain it further), but you can typically get between 0 and 2 questions wrong in total across all four sections.The reason the answer is more complex is that the scoring for each section of the test is different, and the scoring for each section varies by test date (as you can see in the chart above and as I will explain further below). If you want to get a 36, you need to get a 36 on at least 2 of the sections.Here are the breakdowns: (36+36+36+36) / 4 = 36 (36+36+36+35) / 4 = 35.75 (rounds up to 36) (36+36+35+35) / 4 = 35.5 (rounds up to 36) (36+36+36+34) / 4 = 35.5 (rounds up to 36) NOTE: you cannot get a 33 on any individual sectionif you want to get a composite score of 36. As I said, the scoring of each section varies by test date. So, to give you a better idea of the typical number of questions you can get wrong for a 36 in each section, Ihave analyzed 5 different ACT score charts: Section Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5 English 0 0 0 0 0 Math 0 0 0 0-1 0 Reading 0 0-2 0 0 0 Science 0 0 0 0 0 You can see that to get a 36 in English, Reading, Math or Science, youtypically need to get 0 wrong. Occasionally, a test will allow 1 or 2 mistakes, but that is a rarity, so you should plan for 0 wrong to get a 36 in any of the sections. Since you can get up to two 35s on individual sections (if you get 36s on the other sections, as I showed above), I have also analyzed the same tests for thenumber of questions you can get wrong for a 35 in each section: Section Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5 English 1 1-2 1-2 1-2 2-3 Math 1 1-2 1 2-3 1-2 Reading 1 3 1 1 1 Science N/A* N/A* 1 1 1 *Science sections labeled N/A means you are not able to score a 35 on those tests in the Science section. 1 question wrong drops you to a 34 in Science on those tests. Since the scoring varies so much between test dates for each section, to be safe, you should aim to get at most 1 wrong in any section to get a 35. While you may, in fact, end up being able to get more wrong, you cannot be sure have harsh or easy your test grading will be and should plan for harsher grading. Since you can get up to one 34 on an individual section (if you get 36s on the other sections, as I showed above), I have also analyzed the same tests for thenumber of questions you can get wrong for a 34 in each section: Section Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5 English 2 3-4 3-4 3-4 4 Math 2 3-4 2 4-5 3 Reading 2 4 2 2 2 Science 1 1 N/A* 2 2 *The science section labeled N/A means you are not able to score a 34 on that test in the Science section. 2 questions wrong drops you to a 33 in Science on that test. If you are aiming to get a 34 on 1 section and 36 on the rest to get a 36 composite score, you should aim for at most 2 wrong on that section. As I said before, while the scoring varies, and you could technically have gotten up to 4-5 wrong on certain sections on certain test dates to get a 34 on that section, you need to plan for the worst case scenario, so plan that you will get a 34 if you get 2 wrong. Any way you calculate it, you can miss or skip a maximum of 2 questions to get a 36 composite score.That's not a lot, so if you're hoping for a perfect score, you will need a lot of practice. What Does This Mean If You're Aiming for a 36? For the whole test, you need to have the pacing down and make sure you can finish.You cannot afford to miss or skip many questions, so first and foremost make sure the timing will not be a problem for you. You should determine which sections are your strongest and weakest.For example, if you are excellent in Math, Science, and Reading and weaker in English, focus on getting the Math, Science, and Reading close to perfect to get a 36, so you can afford to miss or skip 3 or 4 in English and get a 34. What's Next? Need help preparing for the ACT? Check out guides to the ACT Reading, Math, English, and Science sections.Taking the ACT very soon? Read our guide to cramming for the test. Not sure where you want to go to college? Check out our guide to finding your target school.Also, figure out yourtarget ACT score. Thinking about getting a job while in high school? Check out our guide to the 8 best jobs for teensand learn how to find yours! Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by ACT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

Marketing Essays - Marketing, Business, Free Essays, Term Papers

Marketing Essays - Marketing, Business, Free Essays, Term Papers Marketing * Evaluate her strategy planning for her new business. >From her love to stay in Petosky; she started the carpet cleaning service by her saving money, and based on her experience when she worked part-time for Joel Bullard. Mr. Bullard has a very successful business at this small town, dominates this carpet cleaning service, and so far no one able to compete to him in quality, strong relationship with many loyalty clients. Jane Galloway try so hard in advertising, taking care of her customer?s work but she still unable to reach her goal, $60,000/year. * Why was not she able to reach her goal of $60,000/year? The most important problem of Jane is she did not do any marketing research in potential need of customers, she tries to sell the service she has rather the customer need. First, she should do marketing to know this business saturated at this town or not?. It seems to me that this small town just needs some extra works in the peak seasons as summers and winters. Second, she should study to know her competitions and what she should do to compete with them in quality, prices, customer?s relationship?. Third, from lack of marketing the potential need of customer; she set her goal is too high and spends too much energy to reach her target. * What should she do now? Explain. I think she can have two choices: - First, if she wants to stay in Petosky; she should set her goal more reasonable. She can maintain her good work as quality and advertising; but she should have a more competing price with Mr. Bullard, builds up a strong relationship with customers. She will have a larger share with Mr. Bullard, and able to compete with him in the future. - Second, she should do marketing study at another town for these matters: Potential need of customer, price, service and quality of current competitions. She will carefully check her ability to compete with them; then based on those conclusions, she will choose a right place to move her business, and have a successful business.

Proposal for alternative, convertible and flexible types of Research Paper

Proposal for alternative, convertible and flexible types of accommodations for the 2016 Rio Olympic Games - Research Paper Example mated that the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil could provide ample accommodation for 33,000 visitors, this being the number of the hotel beds that are available (Berg, n.d.). The Olympic Games will definitely require more than this, considering that the number of visitors is expected to be much higher, estimated at a figure well above 50,000. Worse still is the fact that; the economic implication of the city would be even dire, if it engages in the erection of permanent facilities that are only to be used for accommodating the Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games of 2016, and then fall short of business later. However, while uptight efforts are being made to avail the necessary accommodation through the construction of more hotels and accommodation facilities, it would even be more comfortable and innovative of the city, if it could devise other means of providing temporary accommodation, which still meets the required standards. One of the viable considerations for the temporary, yet quality accommodation provision for the Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during the Olympic Games of 2016, is the use of Cruise Ship (Honeywell, n.d.). There are various reasons that make this option viable. First, the city of Rio de Janeiro is surrounded by water, which makes the use of cruise ship possible, as the visitors and the athletic members will only be sleeping in the regions surrounding the city. The advantage of this option is that; it will allow for the provision of ample accommodation in areas of close proximity to the city, thus allowing for the desired convenience. The second advantage is the fact that, the use of cruise ship will allow for the temporary provision of accommodation, thus eliminating the need for construction of permanent accommodation facilities, which may then lack sufficient business thereafter, thus resulting to unnecessary tying up of substantial resources in the substantial constructions (Honeywell, n .d.). The validity of this option is the fact that, the same

Why should the school day be extened Research Paper

Why should the school day be extened - Research Paper Example The report suggested that the American education system needed an improvement of time, content and expectations, in order to be effective. Different States had different opinions regarding the issue of extending the school day, with some opposing it and some supporting it (Aronson, Simmerman, & Carols, 1998). Currently, numerous research studies keep showing that America is not a world leader in educating children. Numerous reports also support these claims by showing where the country has failed. Over the decades, there has been insignificant improvement shown by the National Assessment of Education Progress. The success disparity between the white and black children is getting wider, as SAT scores keep getting worse. All these factors are majorly attributed to the fact that school days are not as long as required. This paper will discuss why the school day should be extended, giving the advantages of making such a move. The school day should be extended, so that school going childr en can be adequately prepared for the tough world of work that they will face after leaving school. According to Chmelynski (2006), the classroom can be used to make the modern work place more relevant by asssuring employers that school leavers are adequately prepared to deal with difficult work situations. ... These students are the same ones who will become workers once they leave school. If they are expected to work long hours, they need to be prepared for that from an early age, while still in school (Silva, 2007). Recently, United States President, Barrack Obama, was quoted as saying that spending more time in school could help students of this generation to compete effectively with their international peers. The President proposed that this could be achieved by extending the duration of time that American children spend in class, or lessening the amount of time spent on summer vacations. Such a move, according to the American President, would effectively prepare them for the economy of the 21st century. The short amount of time spent by American children in class puts the country at an economic disadvantage compared to other countries with longer school days. According to Silva (2007), American children were found to spend very little time in school, compared to all other regions of t he world. Japan is the country whose children spend the most number of days in school, in a year. They spend up to 243 days a year, as opposed to American children who only spend an average of 180 days a year in school. This makes the American children incapable of effectively competing with students from other countries. For this reason, the school day should be extended (Aronson, Simmerman, & Carols, 1998). With extended school days, administrators have the ability to ensure that the children are given a well-rounded education. This is in the sense that, today, as a result of short school days, many schools continually sacrifice important aspects of education such as physical education, arts and social studies,